Abstract: This paper presents a novel neural network-based optimization framework, NNDE, to solve the traveling salesman problem (TSP). The core idea is to use a radial basis function network (RBFN) ...

Abstract: The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a widely studied NP-complete optimization challenge with significant theoretical and practical implications. This study proposes a hybrid ...

Traveling occurs when a player with possession of the ball takes illegal steps without dribbling. While the rule may seem simple, differences in pivot foot usage, gathers, and movement after stopping ...

From Alpine ridges to cliffside trails and story-filled city loops, Europe’s most inspiring runs combine exertion and adventure. Lace up — these seven routes demand exploration. Running outside has ...