When scientists test algorithms that sort or classify data, they often turn to a trusted tool called Normalized Mutual Information (or NMI) to measure how well an algorithm's output matches reality.

In social psychology term ingroup glorification refers to the process of elevating or idealizing a person, group, or concept.

Discover how a novel instrument developed by researchers measures altruism and parochialism, shedding light on intergroup ...

1 School of Psychology and Sport Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom 2 Community Medicine-Clinical Psychology, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait Introduction: Pregnancy is a ...

Material success can be measured in a multitude of ways: cars, luxury items, and followers. But behavioral finance expert Morgan Housel has an unusual exercise to do so: a reverse obituary. “It’s a ...

For some, social media is a place to engage with politics, whether it’s to share information about protests or learn about candidates for office. But how valuable do Americans think social media is ...

The NFL debuted its new “Virtual Measurement System” during Thursday night’s Hall of Fame game between the Detroit Lions and Los Angeles Chargers. The league looks set to replace the traditional ...

A new study from the Center for Working‑Class Politics and Jacobin reveals where working-class voters stand on key issues and how they differ from wealthier Americans. The message is clear: economic ...

Jordyn joined Investopedia in February 2025. She was previously a freelance writer covering lifestyle, entertainment, politics in the Midwest, and more. Justin Sullivan / Getty Images Personal income ...