Embedded systems are ubiquitous in our daily lives, from medical devices to automotive systems to smart homes, yet the most popular embedded programming language poses significant safety and security ...

Hardware abstraction layers (HALs) are an important layer to every embedded software application. A HAL allows a developer to abstract or decouple the hardware details from the application code.

One of the key benefits of the C language, which is the reason it is so popular for embedded applications, is that it is a high-level, structured programming language, but has low-level capabilities.