Mathematicians rely on numbers, but finding words to explain different levels of certainty has stymied everyone from the ...

Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and ...

Discover how probability distribution methods can help predict stock market returns and improve investment decisions. Learn ...

Discover how emotional biases impact stock market crash estimates. See why expert analysis suggests lower risk and learn how to refine your own forecasts.

By operating in the gray zone, states preserve escalation optionality, avoid reputation-locking commitments, and retain the ability to shift posture without incurring sudden political or strategic ...

Discover how Markov chains predict real systems, from Ulam and von Neumann’s Monte Carlo to PageRank, so you can grasp ...

Part of Pine Island Glacier collapsed several years ago, forming an unstable inlet where no ship had sailed. Until now. By Raymond Zhong Construction can continue on an $11.2 billion project off the ...

Endocrine reproductive disorders are disorders that affect the reproductive endocrine system and often result in fertility problems. Examples include ovarian insufficiency and polycystic ovary ...

Body language is a silent orchestra, as people constantly give clues to what they’re thinking and feeling. Non-verbal messages including body movements, facial expressions, vocal tone and volume, and ...

From attraction to action, sexual behavior takes many forms. As pioneering sex researcher Alfred Kinsey put it, the only universal in human sexuality is variability itself. Human interest in sex can ...