Hubble proved Andromeda is a separate galaxy by identifying a Cepheid variable star within it. Cepheid variables have a period-luminosity relationship: longer period means greater brightness. Knowing ...
What is the baseline for determining the magnitude scale of celestial objects? Why do brighter objects have negative numbers? Dean Treadway Knoxville, Tennessee The first observer to catalog ...
The astronomical magnitude system, initially developed by Hipparchus and refined by Ptolemy, quantifies the brightness of celestial objects, with brighter objects having lower magnitudes. Norman R.
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