The Vector-R P-19H engineering model during an aborted launch in April. The rocket flew what the company said was a successful, but low altitude, test flight May 3. Credit: Vector Updated May 5.

Thrust vectoring—essentially redirecting the plane’s exhaust flow—allows modern fighters to quickly change direction, giving them an edge in close combat. Thrust vectoring nozzles are one of the most ...

-Thrust vectoring gives fighters a party trick with real teeth: by swiveling engine exhaust, jets can pivot, claw for lift, tighten turns, even flirt with a hover. -The F-22, Su-30/35, Su-57—and ...