Identify components to test: casing head, tubing head, tree body, master/swab/wing valves, chokes, flanged connections, annulus outlets, VR plug threads. Define barriers: primary (tree + tubing hanger ...

Less leakage results in reduced product loss, increased efficiency, and improved energy management. Figure 1. This control valve is subjected to EPA’s Method 21 “sniff ” test to determine the fugitive ...