Printed-circuit boards used to be works of art, and the PCB designer was an artist as well as a technician. Components had many different shapes, sizes, and colors, and the traces connecting them were ...

JTAG has its place but it is not by any means the total solution. Boundary scan, as standardized by IEEE 1149.1 and commonly referred to as JTAG, has truly revolutionized the testability of circuit ...

Through-hole assembly means bending leads on components and putting the leads through holes in the circuit board, then soldering them in place, and trimming the wires. That took up too much space and ...