Koch, who studied vision, thought that by measuring people's brain responses as they looked at special optical illusions, ...

For more than a century, neuroscience has treated consciousness as something the brain manufactures, like a factory turning ...

In Newen and Montemayor’s evolutionary framework, basic arousal developed first. It’s like nature’s security alarm, warning ...

Consciousness is primarily experienced internally, but the phenomenon of out-of-body experiences (OBEs) challenges this assumption. Although scientists have developed biological-based explanations for ...

A recent groundbreaking experiment in which anesthesia was administered to rats has convinced some scientists that tiny structures in the rodents’ brains are responsible for the experience of ...

The human brain is the most complex information integrator known in the universe. With 86 billion neurons and 100 trillion connections between them, the brain gives us our rich subjective experiences ...

Consciousness evolved in stages, starting with basic survival responses like pain and alarm, then expanding into focused awareness and self-reflection. These layers help organisms avoid danger, learn ...

Neuroscientists have observed for the first time how structures deep in the brain are activated when the brain becomes aware of its own thoughts, known as conscious perception. The brain is constantly ...