The flow of all fluids, whether liquid or gas, will have one of three states: laminar, turbulent, and transitional. This article discusses flow principles and pressure-based flow measurement. Laminar ...

Figure 1: Localized and fully turbulent flow. At flow rates larger than those sustaining the regime of localized turbulent patches, the situation is fundamentally different: once triggered, turbulence ...

There are two main types of fluid flow - laminar flow, in which the fluid flows smoothly in layers, and turbulent flow, which is characterised by chaotic motion and large amounts of mixing. In this ...

The many applications of flow measurement include uses in water supply, medical research, oil exploration, food processing and distribution of gas. The uses of this technology are very diverse, with ...

If one looks at many practical fluid flows, either around bodies (flow of air over an airplane wing) or through conduits, (flow through pipes), the problem of turbulence presents itself in almost ...

While atmospheric turbulence is a familiar culprit of rough flights, the chaotic movement of turbulent flows remains an ...

This section was adapted from The Engine and the Atmosphere: An Introduction to Engineering by Z. Warhaft, Cambridge University Press, 1997. How many times a day do we turn on a faucet? Do it now.

Tests of a proposed friction-factor equation have shown it to be accurate for calculating pressure loss in turbulent flow for a pipeline transporting a non-Newtonian fluid, such as most crude oils and ...