The 3Rs (replacement, reduction, refinement) are a set of principles that provide an internationally accepted framework toward achieving more humane scientific research by minimizing animal distress.
The best hopes to treat or cure any number of diseases all rely on current animal experiments. Like all science, the investigations that scientists perform with animals increase our knowledge of ...
The wages of inhumanity are paid in ambiguous or otherwise unsatisfactory experimental results. The authors introduce the concept of the 3 Rs, i.e. Replacement, Reduction, Refinement. Desirable as ...
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