The problem of estimating the variance of the ratio estimator in sampling with probability proportional to aggregate size is investigated. The form of nonnegative unbiased variance estimators is found ...

Explain why probability is important to statistics and data science. See the relationship between conditional and independent events in a statistical experiment. Calculate the expectation and variance ...

Probability Distribution Notes: Probability is a fundamental aspect of mathematics that helps us understand and quantify uncertainty. Mastery of this subject is essential for students, as it has ...