The phase determines the oscillation frequency, and gain is a criterion for oscillation to exist. The four poles in the loop equation each contribute –45° phase shift accumulating the required total ...

This application note demonstrates nine different circuits that can be used to generate a sine wave. The first, a phase shift oscillator, is shown below. To view the application note, click on the URL ...

Everyone interested in analog electronics should find some value in this post. Of course, an effort has been made here to make the content understandable to relative newbies. Forget about complex ...

If you’ve worked with germanium transistors, you’ll know that many of them have a disappointingly low maximum frequency of operation. This has more to do with some of the popular ones dating from the ...