Modern manufacturing techniques frequently require clean environments designed, constructed, and maintained to facilitate the highest production yields possible while also meeting predictable ...

Nuclear and particle physics, almost synonymous with high-energy physics, is an important subfield of experimental physics. A wide range of studies in this domain are classified as scattering ...

Researchers have mathematically derived the fundamental limit of heat current flowing into a quantum system comprising numerous quantum mechanical particles in relation to the particle count. Further, ...

In the pharmaceutical industry, cleanrooms are categorized based on the level of airborne particle concentration necessary to meet the cleanliness standards required for the specific manufacturing ...

Optical particle counters (equipment here from Pacific Scientific), now with ISO standard calibrations, determine the condition of hydraulic oils used in injection machines and ensure comparability of ...

In reliability engineering, few indicators are as consistently revealing as the particles that infiltrate a lubrication system. Long before vibration, temperature, or performance changes become ...

The filter material to analyze particulate matter with Raman or FTIR microspectroscopy plays a vital role. Their simple task is to filter liquids to isolate solids onto filters – but as soon as you ...