Printed-circuit boards used to be works of art, and the PCB designer was an artist as well as a technician. Components had many different shapes, sizes, and colors, and the traces connecting them were ...

The loop output can go directly to an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) or DMM in the configuration of K22 shown. If, however, filtering is needed to reduce noise during measurements, K22 can be ...

In-circuit test (ICT) has been instrumental in identifying manufacturing process defects and component defects on countless varieties of populated printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies for more than ...

There are a number of complex tasks involved in the manufacturing of electronic assemblies, all of which can go wrong. In order to ensure quality standards are met, the fabrication of the printed ...

Why are test points a crucial element in developing a successful circuit? Types of test points available, and the different techniques that employ them. Electronic design has always been an endeavor ...