In the English as in most but not all languages (i.e. Chinese) number can be extracted from the noun leaving a lexical-propositional form of the noun. From book and books we get object predicate: 1.

Definiteness is an operator that referring to discourse and pragmatic situations. In a nutshell definiteness is a referent whose existence is commonly understood to both the speaker and the addressee.

Nouns are words that name people, places or things. For example, ‘man’ and ‘kitchen’ are nouns. One word is naming a person and the other is naming a place. ‘Cake’ is another example. Frank is baking ...