Although 4D printing is considered very promising for various biomedical applications – such as tissue scaffolds, neural scaffolds, grafts and stents, cardiac patches and valves, even bionic ...

With 4D printing, the objects can change shape or properties using external stimuli such as temperature, light, pH, magnetic field, electricity, and moisture. Additionally, the changes in shape or ...

4D printing introduces the "time dimension" based on 3D printing, enabling printed structures to undergo controllable dynamic changes in shape, properties, or functions under external stimuli such as ...

In CNC milling, the so-called “4th axis” is rotation of either the tool or the part around the other. In additive manufacturing techniques, like 3D printing, the angle at which a material is deposited ...

(Nanowerk Spotlight) Hygromorphs are materials that can change their shape or size in response to changes in humidity or moisture. They are also sometimes referred to as humidity-responsive materials ...

DUBLIN, Jan. 21, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The "4D Bioprinting Market by Type of Technology, Application Area, End-user and Key Geographical Regions: Industry Trends and Global Forecasts, 2023-2035" report ...

Researchers worked to revolutionize 4D printing by making a 3D fabricated material change its shape and back again repeatedly without electrical components. Reversible 4D printing technology could ...